View source for KAVAN ESCs - Instruction manual

== Introduction ==
'''Programmable electronic speed controllers for brushless motors.'''

Congratulations on purchasing your KAVAN Line electronic speed controller for brushless motors. The excellent KAVAN line covers almost the entire range of electric-powered planes flown by a Sunday flyer. All the ESCs can be quickly programmed using your transmitter and even easier with the optional KAVAN programming card '''#KAV32.42015'''.

=== Programmable functions ===

# Brake setting (use the brake on for folding props applications only).
# Battery type (LiPo or NiCd/NiMH).
# Low voltage cutoff type (power reduction or immediate shutdown).
# Low voltage cutoff setting.
# Soft acceleration startups (for gearbox and helicopter applications).
# Timing settings (to enhance ESC efficiency and smoothness).

=== Technical specifications ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|
|'''BEC Type'''
|'''Current (cont./burst)'''
|'''Input Voltage (number of cells)'''
|'''Weight'''
|'''BEC (voltage/current)'''
|'''Dimensions'''
|-
|'''KAVAN R–6B'''
|*BEC
|6/8 A
|2S LiPo
|5.5 g
|5 V/0.8 A
|32×12×4.5 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–12B'''
|*BEC
|12/15 A
|2–3S LiPo
|9 g
|5 V/1 A
|38×18×6 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–15B'''
|*BEC
|15/20 A
|2–3S LiPo
|16.5 g
|5 V/2 A
|48×22.5×6 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–20B'''
|*BEC
|20/25 A
|2–3S LiPo
|19 g
|5 V/2 A
|42×25×8 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–30B'''
|*BEC
|30/40 A
|2–3S LiPo
|37 g
|5 V/2 A
|68×25×8 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–40B'''
|*BEC
|40/55 A
|2–3S LiPo
|39 g
|5 V/3 A
|68×25×8 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–40SB'''
|**SBEC
|40/55 A
|2–4S LiPo
|43 g
|5 V/3 A
|65×25×12 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–50SB'''
|**SBEC
|50/65 A
|2–4S LiPo
|41 g
|5 V/7 A
|65×29×10 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–60SB'''
|**SBEC
|60/80 A
|3–6S LiPo
|63 g
|5 V/7 A
|77×35×14 mm
|-
|'''KAVAN R–80SB'''
|**SBEC
|80/100 A
|3–6S LiPo
|82 g
|5 V/7 A
|86×38×12 mm
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>) BEC – linear BEC 

<nowiki>**</nowiki>) SBEC – powerful switching BEC

=== Connecting the KAVAN ESC ===
The speed controller can be connected to the motor by soldering directly or with high-quality connectors. Always use new connectors, which should be soldered carefully to the cables and insulated with a heat-shrink tube. Use only high-quality connectors to connect the ESC to the flight pack as well - 2mm gold plated connectors ('''KAV36.119''' or '''KAV36.120''') for currents up to 20 A; 3,5 mm ('''KAV36.122'''), 4 mm ('''KAV36.126''') gold plated connectors or DEAN-T® (KAV36.108) for currents up to 60 A and 6 mm ('''KAV36.128''') for currents up to 80 A. The 
length of the battery pack wires should be within 15 cm (6 inches).
Plug the UNI servo connector cable of the ESC to your receiver throttle output. The ESCs featuring BEC or SBEC voltage stabilizer feed your receiver and servos from the flight battery pack.

Plug the UNI servo connector cable of the ESC to your receiver throttle output. The ESCs featuring BEC or SBEC voltage stabilizer feed your receiver and servos from the flight battery pack.

'''KAVAN ESC Wiring Diagram'''

[[File:KAVAN ESC wiring.png|frameless|960x960px]]

Please bear in mind improper polarity or a short-circuit will damage the ESC, therefore it is your responsibility to double-check all plugs for proper polarity and connection BEFORE connecting the battery pack for the first time.

=== Powering up for the first time & the automatic throttle calibration ===
The KAVAN ESC features Automatic Throttle Calibration to ensure the smoothest throttle response and resolution throughout the entire throttle range of your transmitter. This step has to be performed just once to allow the ESC to "learn and memorize" the throttle output signal of your transmitter. It only needs to be repeated if you change your transmitter.

# Switch on the transmitter and move the throttle stick to the top position.
# Connect the battery pack to the ESC, and wait about 2 seconds.
# The "Beep–Beep–" tone should be emitted, which means the top point of the throttle range has been confirmed.
# Move the throttle stick to the bottom position. Several "beep–" tones should be emitted to present the amount of battery cells.
# A long "Beep–" tone should be emitted, which means the lowest point of the throttle range has been correctly confirmed.

The throttle is now calibrated and your ESC is ready for operation.

=== Normal ESC start-up procedure ===

# Move the throttle stick to the bottom position and then switch on the transmitter.
# Connect the battery pack to ESC. A special tone like "123" means the power supply is OK.
# Several "beep–" tones should be emitted to present the amount of lithium battery cells.
# When the self–test is finished, a long "beep–" tone should be emitted.
# Slowly move the throttle stick up. The prop should start rotating clockwise (looking from the cockpit of the plane). If it spins in the opposite direction, pull the throttle stick back, disconnect the flight battery and swap any two of the three cables between the motor and the ESC. Then re-check again.

=== Protection function ===

# '''Startup failure protection:''' If the motor fails to start within 2 seconds of throttle application, the ESC will cut–off the output power. In this case, the throttle stick MUST be moved to the bottom again to restart the motor. (Such a situation happens in the following cases: the connection between ESC and the motor is not reliable, the propeller or the motor is blocked, the gearbox is damaged, etc.).
# ''' Overheat protection:''' When the temperature of the ESC is over about 110°C, the ESC will reduce the output power.
# '''Throttle signal loss protection:''' The ESC will reduce the output power if the throttle signal is lost for 1 second. Further loss for 2 seconds will cause the output to be cut off completely.

=== Programmable functions of the KAVAN ESC ===

# '''Brake:''' ON/OFF<br>'''ON''' – Sets the propeller to the brake position when the throttle stick is at the minimum position (recommended for folding props).<br>'''OFF''' – Sets the propeller to freewheel when the throttle stick is at the minimum position.
#'''Battery type:''' LiPo or NiCd/NiMh
#'''Low voltage cutoff type:''' Reduce power/hard cutoff<br>'''Reduce power''' – ESC reduces motor power when the preset Low voltage protection threshold value is reached.<br>'''Hard cutoff''' – ESC instantly cuts motor power off when the preset low voltage protection threshold value is reached.
#'''Low voltage protection threshold:''' Low/Medium/High<br>'''For Li-xx packs''' – the battery cell number is calculated automatically. The Low/Middle/High cutoff voltage for each cell is: 2.85 V/3.15 V/3.3 V. For example: For a 3S LiPo, when the "Middle" cutoff threshold is set, the cut–off voltage will be: 3.15×3 = 9.45 V.<br>'''For Ni–xx packs''' – Low/Medium/High cutoff voltages are 0 %/50 %/65 % of the startup voltage (i.e. the initial voltage of battery pack), and 0 % means the Low voltage cut–off function is disabled. For example: For a 6-cell NiMH battery, the fully charged voltage is 1.44×6 = 8.64 V, when the "Middle" cutoff threshold is set, the cutoff voltage will be: 8.64×50 % = 4.32 V.
#'''Soft acceleration start–up:''' Normal/Soft/Very soft<br> Normal mode is suitable for fixed–wing aircraft. Soft or Very soft modes are suitable for helicopters. The initial acceleration of the Soft and Very soft modes is slower. It takes 1.5 seconds for the Soft startup or 3 seconds for the Very soft startup from initial throttle advance to full throttle. If the throttle is completely closed (throttle stick moved to bottom position) and opened again (throttle stick moved to top position) within 3 seconds after the first startup, the re–startup will be temporarily changed to normal mode to get rid of the chance of a crash caused by slow throttle response. This special design is suitable for aerobatic flight when quick throttle response is needed.
#'''Timing set–up:''' Low/Middle/High<br> '''Low (3.75 °)''' – setting for most 2 pole motors.<br> '''Middle (15 °)''' - setting for motors with 6 or more poles.<br> '''High (26.25 °)''' - setting for motors with 12 or more poles, out runners.<br> In most cases, middle or low timing works well for all types of motors. However, for high efficiency, we recommend the low timing setting for 2 pole motors (generally, in–runners) and middle timing for 6 poles and above (generally all outrunners). For higher speeds, high timing can be set. Some motors require different timing setups, therefore we suggest you follow the manufacturer-recommended setup.
{{Note|type=info|text='''Note:''' run your motor on the ground first after making any changes to your motor timing!}}

=== Programming the KAVAN ESC with your transmitter ===
[[File:ESC programming.png|frameless|960x960px]]

=== Troubleshooting ===
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Trouble'''
!'''Possible reason'''
!'''Solution'''
|-
|After powering on, the motor does not work and no sound is emitted.
|The connection between the battery pack and ESC is not correct.
|Check the power connection. Replace the connector.
|-
|After powering on, the motor does not work, such an alert tone is emitted: "beep–beep–, beep–beep–, beep–beep–" (Every "beep–beep–" has a time interval of about 1 second).
|Input voltage is abnormal, too high or too low.
|Check the voltage of the battery pack.
|-
|After powering on, the motor does not work, such an alert tone is emitted: "beep–, beep–, beep–" (Every "beep–" has a time interval of about 2 seconds).
|Throttle signal is irregular.
|Check the receiver and transmitter. Check the cable of the throttle channel.
|-
|After powering on, the motor does not work, such an alert tone is emitted: "beep–, beep–, beep–" (Every "beep–" has a time interval of about 0.25 seconds).
|The throttle stick is not in the bottom (lowest) position.
|Move the throttle stick to the bottom position.
|-
|After powering on, the motor does not work, a special tone "56712" is emitted after a 2-beep tone (beep–beep–).
| The direction of the throttle channel is reversed, so the ESC has entered the program mode.
|Set the direction of the throttle channel correctly.
|-
|The motor runs in the opposite direction.
|The direction. The connection between ESC and the motor needs to be changed.
|Swap any two wire connections between ESC and motor.
|}

=== Using the KAVAN programming card (optional) ===
You can also use the optional KAVAN programming card ('''#KAV32.42015''') to program your desired functions. The use of the KAVAN card is very simple and convenient: the programmable functions and their values are to be set with a couple of buttons. Simply set all the functions on the card to the desired values and load the settings to the ESC. Programming your ESC with the KAVAN Card is a breeze.

=== Safety precautions ===

* Do not install the propeller (fixed wing) or drive pinion (helicopter) on the motor when you test the ESC and motor for the first time to verify the correct settings on your radio. Only install your propeller (plane) or pinion (heli) after you have confirmed that the settings on your radio are correct.
* Never use ruptured or punctured battery cells.
* Never use battery packs that are known to overheat.
* Never short circuit battery or motor terminals.
* Always use proper insulation material for cable insulation.
* Always use proper cable connectors.
* Do not exceed the number of cells or servos specified for the ESC.
* Wrong battery polarity will damage the ESC and void the warranty.
* Install the ESC in a suitable location with adequate ventilation for cooling. This ESC has a built-in over-temperature cutoff protection feature that will immediately cut power to the motor once the ESC temperature exceeds the 230°F/ 110°C temperature limit.
* Use only batteries supported by the ESC and ensure the correct polarity before connecting.
* Switch your transmitter ON first and ensure the throttle stick is in the minimum position before connecting the battery pack.
* Never switch your transmitter OFF while the battery is connected to your ESC.
* Only connect your battery pack just before flying and do not leave your battery pack connected after flying.
* Handle your model with extreme care once the battery pack is connected and keep away from the propeller at all times. Never stand in–line or directly in front of any rotating parts.
* Do not immerse the ESC under water, do not allow it to get wet while powered up.
* Always fly at a designated flying site and follow the rules and guidelines set by your modeller’s club.