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<languages/>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Introduction ===
Congratulations on purchasing the Sling MINI discus launch glider (DLG). You are about to embark on a magical journey into the fascinating world of RC aeroplanes. Sling MINI, made of durable composite and EPO materials, will help to become an experienced pilot right from your backyard.
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{{Image frame|width=900|content=[[File:KAVAN Sling MINI.png|300px|KAV02.8099 KAVAN Sling MINI]]|align=center|pos=bot|caption=<br>[https://kavanrc.com/item/kavan-sling-mini-616mm-arf-170073 '''KAV02.8099'''] '''KAVAN Sling MINI '''}}
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=== Precautions: ===
This RC model is not a toy. Use it with care and strictly follow the instructions in this manual.
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Assemble this model following these instructions strictly. DO NOT modify or alter the model. Failure to do so will result in the warranty lapsing automatically. Follow the instructions in order to obtain a safe and solid model at the end of the assembly.
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Children under the age of 14 must operate the model under the supervision of an adult.
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Assure that the model is in perfect condition before every flight, taking care that all the equipment works correctly and that the model is undamaged in its structure.
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Fly only on days with a light breeze and in a safe place away from any obstacles.
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=== Features ===
* 99% factory-made model requiring only the installation of your receiver and short assembly
* Elevator and rudder control
* Easy handling and high stability; durable
* Two servos (1.3 g) with S.BUS/DSM2 decoder installed
* Compatible with S.BUS or DSM2 radios
* Small dimensions, extremely light
* Extra light LiPo receiver battery
* USB fast charger
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=== Specifications ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%;"
|+
|Wingspan
|616 mm
|-
|Length
|574 mm
|-
|Wing area
|5.8 dm²
|-
|All-up Weight
|85–95 g
|-
|Flight Battery
|3,7 V/170 mAh LiPo
|}
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=== Set contents ===
* 99% factory-made model requiring only the installation of your receiver and short assembly
* 3.7 V/170 mAh LiPo receiver battery
* USB charger
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=== You will need to fly your Sling MINI ===
* At least 2-channel transmitter and miniature receiver (1S LiPo compatible) with S.BUS or DSM2 output
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=== Safety Precautions ===
An R/C aeroplane is not a toy! If misused, it can cause serious bodily harm and damage to property. Fly only outdoors following all instructions and as recommended in this manual.
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==== Note on Lithium Polymer Batteries ====
Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries are significantly more vulnerable than alkaline or NiCd/NiMH batteries used in R/C applications. All manufacturer's instructions and warnings must be followed closely. Mishandling of LiPo batteries can result in fire. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when disposing of Lithium Polymer batteries.
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==== Additional Safety Precautions and Warnings ====
As the user of this product, you are solely responsible for operating it in a manner that does not endanger yourself and others or result in damage to the product or the property of others. This model is controlled by a radio signal that is subject to interference from many sources outside your control. This interference can cause momentary loss of control, so it is advisable to always keep a safe distance in all directions around your model, as this margin will help to avoid collisions or injury.
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* Never operate your model with low transmitter batteries.
* Always operate your model in an open area away from cars, traffic, or people.
* Avoid operating your model in the street where injury or damage can occur.
* Never operate the model out in the streets or in populated areas for any reason.
* Carefully follow the directions and warnings for this and any optional support equipment (chargers, rechargeable batteries, etc.) which you use.
* Keep all chemicals, small parts and anything electrical out of the reach of children.
* Moisture causes damage to electronics. Avoid water exposure to all equipment not specifically designed and protected for this purpose.
* Keep your model and any accessories out of the reach of children. There are small parts that could be ingested or inhaled.
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=== Flight preparation ===
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==== Please Remember ====
* Always turn the transmitter on first. Only then plug the receiver (Rx) battery to the model.
* At the end of your flying session, unplug the Rx battery from the model. Turn the transmitter off last.
* You MUST use the included LiPo Charger built in the transmitter ONLY. Failure to do so may result in a fire causing personal injury and/or property damage.
* If at any time during the charge process the battery begins to inflate, discontinue charging immediately. Quickly and safely disconnect the battery, then place it in a safe, open area away from flammable materials to observe it for 30–45 minutes. Continuing to charge or discharge a battery that has begun to balloon or swell can result in a fire. A battery that has inflated even a small amount must be removed from service completely.
* You must charge the included 3.7V 170 mAh LiPo battery in a safe area away from flammable materials.
* Never charge the battery unattended. When charging the battery, you should always remain in constant observation to monitor the charging process and react to potential problems that may occur.
* Store the battery at room temperature in a dry area for best results.
* When transporting or temporarily storing the battery, the temperature range should be from 20–30°C. Do not store the battery or model in a car or direct sunlight whenever possible. If stored in a hot car, the battery can be damaged or even catch fire.
* Do not over-discharge the LiPo flight battery. Discharging the battery too low can cause damage to the battery, resulting in explosion and/or fire.
* LiPo cells should not be discharged to below 3 V under load.
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=== Receiver battery charging ===
Before proceeding to the flight test, it is necessary to charge the receiver (Rx) battery. The supplied USB charger could use USB 2.0 PC ports, USB wall charging adapters or other devices featuring USB ports as the power supply.
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# Plug the USB charger into the USB port of your PC/power supply. The green LED goes ON.
# Plug the Rx battery connector into the USB charger output.
# The green LED goes OFF and the red LED goes ON – the charging has started. Once the red LED goes OFF and the green LED goes ON, the charging has finished. The full charge takes ca 20–30 minutes (depending on the initial battery voltage).
# Once charged, always unplug the battery from the USB charger.
# Do not use other charger to charge the flight batteries.
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=== Model assembly ===
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==== 1. Wing ====
Fit the wing on the top of the wing seat of the fuselage, and secure it with the two screws carefully screwed through the reinforcing plate. Insert the supplied discus launch pin into a hole in the wing tip – into the left wing tip for right-handed pilots, into the right wing tip for left-handed pilots. There are three holes ready – start with the middle hole.
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==== 2. Receiver Installation ====
[[File:Sling MINI - RX.png|right|frameless|420x420px]]
Carefully press the canopy between your thumb and index finger in order to release the lock on each side to remove the canopy. Connect the S.BUS or DSM2 output cable of your receiver into the respective port on the decoder/servo board. You can secure your receiver to the canopy or into the fuselage behind the decoder/servo board using hook-and-loop tape or double-sided foam sticky tape.
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{{Note|type=warn|'''CAUTION: Take care to secure your receiver safely so it cannot get loose during flight. The receiver, any cable or aerial, may not hinder movement of the servos and the rudder and elevator linkage.'''}}
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==== 3. Receiver battery ====
Insert the receiver battery into the nose and secure it with hook-and-loop tape. You are ready for the final pre-flight check now.
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=== Pre-flight test ===
Although the Sling MINI models are checked and pre-adjusted at the factory, the pre-flight check is essential when you open the box to ensure no parts were damaged during shipping and handling and the model responds to the control signal from the transmitter in the correct manner. The pre-flight check should be performed at the beginning of every flying session, after hard landings and every time a part is replaced and/or repaired. You will also realise the procedure described below pretty much applies to any model plane you will ever build and fly.
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# Turn on the transmitter. [[File:Sling MINI - Wiring.png|right|frameless|420x420px]]
# Connect the receiver battery to the on-board electronics and insert it into the nose. The red LED on the decoder/servo board should glow now. If the LED is blinking, there is no valid signal from your receiver (e.g. because of your receiver and transmitter have not been paired). {{Note|type=info|'''Note:''' The 2.4GHz RC system requires a procedure called “pairing” or “binding” in order to let the receiver recognise the ID code that is a part of the transmitter signal. During the binding procedure, the code is recognised and stored in the receiver memory. From this moment on, the receiver only responds to the signal of “its own” transmitter containing the correct ID. Follow the instruction manual of your radio and receiver to perform binding.}}
# Set the default neutral (centre) positions of the control surfaces: check the transmitter first. Ensure the elevator and rudder sticks are centred as well as the trims.<br>Now check the plane. The elevator and rudder have to be in the neutral position too - the axis of the control surface has to be the same as the axis of the horizontal stabiliser or the fin. The elevator (CH2) may not be deflected up or down; the rudder (CH4) may not be deflected right or left (refer to the pictures below). If the control surfaces are not exactly in the neutral position, and shorten or lengthen the push rod by changing the shape of the “Z” bend of the push rod using a pair of small pliers until the correct neutral position is reached. {{Note|type=info|'''Note:''' Neutral positions of the control surfaces are to be adjusted mechanically; the transmitter trims are here for the fine in-flight adjustment only.}}
# Move the elevator stick on the transmitter forward and back to check elevator deflections. With the elevator stick pulled back, the elevator should move up.
# [[File:Sling MINI - Controls.png|right|frameless|420x420px]] When the stick is pushed forward, the elevator should move down.
# Move the rudder stick left and right to check the rudder control. With the rudder stick pushed right, the servo should push the rudder to the right (when viewing the aeroplane from behind).
# When the stick is pushed to the left, the rudder must move to the left.
# Each time before you fly, you should ALWAYS turn the transmitter ON before connecting the receiver battery to the receiver board. Never connect the receiver battery to the model before turning on the transmitter. After each flight, be sure that you always disconnect the receiver battery from the model before shutting your transmitter off.
# '''Centre of gravity (CG)''' [[File:Sling MINI - CG.png|right|frameless|420x420px]]<br>Support your model with your thumb and index finger (refer to the figure). The model should be level (or with the nose slightly down) when supported at 50-58 mm behind the leading edge of the wing. You should achieve that with the model as it is, right out of the box. You may correct the centre of gravity location by moving the position of the receiver pack. If necessary, add some lead to the nose or tail. It will not spoil the performance of your Sling MINI, but she will recognise an incorrect centre of gravity immediately. An incorrectly balanced model is difficult to fly, and might not fly at all!
#'''Control surface travel volumes'''<br>The travel volumes of the control surfaces are influenced by the setting of your transmitter (if it features EPA/ATV function) and the position of the push rods on the respective servo arms and elevator/rudder horns. Fitting the push rods closer to the control surface increases the travel volume, whilst attaching the push rod to the outer hole decreases the travel volume. Fitting the push rods closer to the servo shaft decreases the travel volume, whilst attaching the push rod to the outer hole increases the travel volume. Using your transmitter EPA/ATV or mechanically on your model, set the recommended default travel rates.
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%;"
|+
|CH4 Rudder
|10–12 mm left
|10–12 mm right
|-
|CH2 Elevator
|6–7 mm up
|6–7 mm down
|}
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=== Preparing to fly ===
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==== Step 1: Flying field ====
The flying field should be a flat, grassy site. There should be no buildings, cars, electric power leads or any other obstacles within at least 50 m. A shallow slope oriented straight into the wind could be a perfect place to start with your Sling MINI.
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We highly recommend you to join a local model flying club – you will get access to their flying field along with advice and help to make your first steps into model flying much easier and safer.
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==== Step 2: The right weather ====
Calm summer evenings are perfect for the maiden flight.
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==== Step 3: Range check ====
The range check of your radio is an essential pre-flight test. Once the check has been successfully accomplished, you can be sure your model can be operated in a reliable and safe manner within a certain range. As the model can be controlled only if the pilot is able to recognise the position of the aeroplane in the air, the regular operational range of your teeny tiny Sling MINI is within ca 50–60 m.
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Turn on your transmitter, ask a friend to hold it, connect the receiver battery to the model and walk away holding the model in a regular flight position at the height of your shoulders. The elevator and rudder have to respond to control inputs (control stick movements) without any glitching or jitter within the range of 60 paces.
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'''Only prepare to fly if the range check is 100% successful.'''
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=== Flying ===
Now the most important advice in this entire manual:
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'''During the first flight, we recommend that you have the support of an experienced RC pilot.'''
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There is no shame in asking for help – new full-size aircraft are test flown by skilled factory test pilots – and only then are regular pilots allowed to take control. RC model control requires some skills and reflexes that people are not born with. It is not complicated to gain these skills – it just takes some time; this will vary with your natural talent. Full-size pilots start under the supervision of a skilled instructor; they learn to fly at a safe altitude at first, learn landing and take-off techniques, and only then are they allowed to fly solo. The same principles apply to RC models, too. Please do not expect that you will be able to put your model in the air and fly it without any previous RC experience.
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Many will have gained skills in controlling their favourite computer game character by hammering the control buttons or sticks. For model flying, this skill will have to be unlearned! The stick movements required to control your model are small & gentle. Many models, including Sling MINI, are happier if you let them “fly by themselves” for most of the time, with small and gentle stick movements to simply guide the model in the required direction. RC flying is not about stick hammering; it is all about small stick movements and observing the effect of those stick movements. Only later is it possible to anticipate the effect of larger stick movements that can be dangerous to your model in the earlier stages of model flying.
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[[File:Sling MINI - Launch.png|right|frameless|420x420px|Launch into the wind .Wing and fuselage level or slightly down.]]
==== Step 1: Hand launch and initial trimming ====
* The model must be launched into the wind every time. Throw grass into the air to observe the wind direction.
* Turn on your transmitter.
* Connect and put the receiver battery into the nose and secure the canopy.
* Hold your model with the wings and fuselage level (refer to the drawing) – it is better to ask a friend to launch your model than to do everything by yourself – you can then concentrate on the controls. Launch your model with a gentle push straight and level. You will feel the point at which the model is trying to fly naturally. Do not give it too strong a push. Do not throw your model with nose up, or greater than 10 degrees down. The model must have a certain minimum speed from the very start to stay airborne. It is not enough to just place your model in the air.
* If everything is OK, the Sling MINI will glide gently to the ground without the need for a control input. If Sling MINI quickly loses altitude, pull the elevator stick very slightly towards you (just a little!) to achieve a steady shallow glide. If Sling MINI pitches her nose strongly, immediately push the elevator stick to prevent the stall; to achieve a steady shallow glide.
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==== Step 2: Flying ==== 
{{Note|type=info|'''Please note:''' Sling MINI is quite a small model, so do not let her fly too far away. Please remember you can control your model only so long as you are able to see the model’s orientation in the air. The safe range of your radio is much further than the range of your eyes!}}
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===== How to control your model? =====
In contrast to cars or boats, aircraft fly in three-dimensional space, which makes full control more complex. Turning the steering wheel left or right makes a boat or car turn left or right, applying more throttle, the vehicle speeds up – and this is it. Moving the control stick left or right has more effect than simply turning the model. The rudder control will be explained later.
{{Note|type=info|'''Please note:''' The control is fully proportional – the more you move the stick, the more movement of the control surface. The actual stick movement required is mostly quite small, and almost never from one end stop to the other!
}}'''Elevator controls''' the model in the vertical axis; apply up elevator and your model’s nose will rise (and the model will climb if it has sufficient power), apply down elevator and your model will descend. Please note that your glider can only climb if it has sufficient energy. The only energy source available for your Sling MINI is the push you give her when launched; during the rest of her flight, she has to trade her altitude for speed – gain enough energy in a dive and you can do a loop! If the climb angle is too great, or the energy available is insufficient, your model will lose flying speed until the minimum (stall) speed. At the stalling speed (when the airflow starts to break away from the upper surface of the wing), your model will start to feel as though it is not responding as normal to control inputs, and then drop with little warning – apply down elevator to regain flying speed and full normal control.
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'''Rudder control''' of a model without ailerons controls the angle of bank, which then controls the rate of turn. Natural stability of your model keeps the wings level in normal straight flight. Any turn requires an appropriate bank angle – Sling MINI will fly nice, big and safe flat turns with only a small angle of bank. During initial flights, never use a bank angle of greater than 45 degrees. By planning the direction that the model will take, normal turns will be made with less than 30 degrees of bank.
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Move the rudder to the left a little way, and your model will bank into a gentle turn. Increase the rudder input a little more, and your model will continue turning to the left, but it will also start to descend (this is a good time to move the control stick to the centre to allow your model to recover from the dive!).
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[[File:Sling MINI - Coordinated turn.png|right|frameless|420x420px|Launch the model against the wind.]]
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Why does your model descend when only the rudder is applied? Once the rudder leaves its exact vertical position, it also starts to work as an elevator turned down, telling your model to dive. When in a banked turn, to maintain level flight, it is necessary to apply a little up elevator to counter the effect of the down-turned rudder. (Actually, the reason why your model descends in the bank is more complex - the wing gives less lift in the bank as the vertical projection of the wing is the area that counts, and you also have to beat the inertia that tries to keep your model in straight flight.) The elevator applied when your model is in a banked turn also works like a rudder - fortunately, it helps to maintain the turn!
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In practice, the rudder is used to set and maintain the desired bank angle, and elevator input helps to control height whilst also increasing the rate of turn. We have got through about 3/4 of the turn, and it is time to think about returning to straight and level flight in the desired direction. Return the controls to the middle position (you may need to correct the turn with a little right rudder). If necessary, give slight elevator input to settle your model into a straight and level flight.
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If you take a look at our drawing above, you will notice that it takes some time until the model actually starts to turn. And, when leaving the turn, you have to start to apply the opposite rudder sooner than the nose of your model is pointing to the desired final direction. The elevator and rudder deflections between B and C points are marked with dotted lines – this is because you cannot tell exactly the track that the model will take during a gentle banked turn or entry to straight and level flight.
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Congratulations! You have learnt how to achieve a coordinated turn using rudder and elevator. Remember that model aircraft control is about guiding your model in the desired direction rather than precise steering. Another complication is the rudder control. It is easy and natural while the model is flying away from you, but when your model is flying toward you, the direction of control commands has to be reversed. A simple trick when the model is flying towards you is to move the control stick towards the wing that you want to lift. Imagine supporting the wing by moving the stick under that wing – it works!
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===== Final Setup =====
Now is the time for the final setup. Fly your Sling MINI straight into the wind; leave the controls in the neutral position. If the model turns in one direction, apply the rudder trim in the opposite direction until Sling MINI flies straight. Your model must settle into a gentle glide, not too fast so that it plummets to the ground, and not so slow that the controls feel “soggy” and the model is on the edge of the stall. Apply the elevator trim in a way to solve any problem.
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==== Step 3: Landing ====
When the power available starts to reduce, check that your landing field is clear of people and other obstructions. Position your model about 3–5 m off the ground at the downwind end of your field. Make the final approach into the wind, keeping the wings level all the time as your model descends slowly, and finally settles gently onto the ground. With more practice, you will be able to use a little up elevator to “round out” (slow down the model) at less than 0.5 m off the ground.
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[[File:Discus launch - Pos 0.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
==== Step 4: Discus Launch ====
The discus launch allows your model to reach quite a high altitude without much effort. As it is with any “sport performance”, it will require some training in order to do it right – our step-by-step manual makes it easy. We will describe the procedure for a right-handed pilot; with the launching pin attached to the left wingtip. The “left-handed” procedure is the mirror image.
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[[File:Discus launch - Pos A.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
==== Position A - Getting Ready: ====
Your right index finger and middle finger should be wrapped around the launch pin at the left wing tip. Your thumb is to be gently pressed against the leading edge of the wing. Stand with your left shoulder into the wind and the right wing tip pointing at a ca 45° angle to the ground.
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[[File:Discus launch - Pos B.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
==== Position B - The First Step: ====
Take a long step with your left foot, pulling the Sling MINI up and forward with your right arm.
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[[File:Discus launch - Pos C.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
==== Position C - Rotation: ====
Start rotating to the left, keeping the Sling MINI flat and your right arm extended.
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[[File:Discus launch - Pos D.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
==== Position D – Continued Rotation: ====
The second half of the rotation - the part that is most important for a good launch. Do not use too much arm in this section. Just let the swing of your torso speed the Sling MINI up.
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[[File:Discus launch - Pos E.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
==== Position E - Release: ====
By this time in the launch, the plane will be trying to climb on its own. Just release your fingers and let the plane fly out of your hand directly into the wind.
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[[File:Discus launch - Pos F.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
==== Position F – Taking the Control:====
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Catch your balance; watch your Sling MINI climb whilst getting hold of your radio, ready to control your model.
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The plane will climb after release – the climb angle should be shallow at first; once you are well acquainted with the discus launch, you can use more force and increase the launch angle up to 60-80 degrees. When completely familiar and comfortable, you can add two quick steps before starting the turning sequence in order to get some extra speed and energy. When the plane has slowed almost to the point of stopping, push the full down elevator to achieve level flight. When this is done at the right moment, the plane will go into horizontal flight with just enough airspeed to maintain a gentle glide. If it is done too early, the plane will pitch up her nose dangerously after a short dive; if it is done too late, the plane will stall.
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[[File:Discus_launch.png|frameless|961x961px]]
'''Congratulations, you’ve made it!'''
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=== Repairs and maintenance ===
* At the beginning of each flying session, please perform the range check.
* Before every takeoff, please check the correct control surface movement.
* After every landing, check the plane for any damage, loose horns or push rods etc. Do not fly again until the damage is repaired.
* Although the Sling MINI is manufactured of the very tough micro cell EPO, damage or broken parts may occur. Minor damage can be repaired simply by glueing the parts together with a cyano (CA) superglue or with a clear sticky tape. In a case of major damage, it is always better to purchase a brand-new spare part. A wide range of genuine spare parts and accessories is available through the KAVAN Europe dealers.
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{{Note|type=info|'''Note:''' Crash damage is not covered under warranty.}}
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=== Tip ===
The foam “hinges” of the rudder and elevator might be rather rigid sometimes, making the control feel not precise enough. Here is what you can do about it:
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# Remove the servo arms from the servos and move carefully the elevator and rudder up&down resp. left&right with your hand repeatedly (10–20 times) to soften the hinge.
# If this does not help or does not help enough, you can cut the elevator and rudder with a sharp modeller’s knife completely and hinge them using clear sticky tape. Model hobby shops usually offer special hinge tapes; but the 3M/Scotch® “Crystal” clear sticky tape (width 20 mm) from your local stationery will work well too.
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Tape hinging is pretty straightforward:
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[[File:Sling MINI - Hinges.png|right|frameless|420x420px]]
'''Step 1:''' Prepare a strip of the sticky tape, apply it along the edge of the fin to one side, attach the rudder deflected to the opposite side, press the tape into the „V“ slot between fin and rudder and finally press it to the rudder.
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'''Step 2:''' Prepare another strip of the sticky tape, apply it along the edge of the fin to the other side, press the tape into the “V” slot between fin and rudder and finally press it to the rudder.
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'''Step 3:''' Repeat the same process for the elevator using 4 strips of sticky tape.
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=== Recycling and Waste Disposal Note (European Union) ===
Electrical equipment marked with the crossed-out waste bin symbol must not be discarded in the domestic waste; it should be disposed off via the appropriate specialised disposal system. In the countries of the EU (European Union), electrical devices must not be discarded via the normal domestic waste system (WEEE - Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, Directive 2012/19/EU). You can take your unwanted equipment to your nearest public collection point or recycling centre, where it will be disposed off in the proper manner at no charge to you. By disposing off your old equipment in a responsible manner, you make an important contribution to the safeguarding of the environment!
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=== EU Declaration of Conformity ===
Hereby, KAVAN Europe s.r.o. declares that the Sling MINI model and the included electronic and electric devices are in compliance with the requirements of relevant European directives and harmonised norms.
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The full text of the Declaration of Conformity is available at www.kavanrc.com/doc/.
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=== Guarantee ===
The KAVAN Europe s.r.o. products are covered by a guarantee which fulfils the currently valid legal requirements in your country. If you wish to make a claim under guarantee, please contact the retailer from whom you first purchased the equipment. The guarantee does not cover faults which were caused in the following ways: crashes, improper use, incorrect connection, reversed polarity, maintenance work carried out late, incorrectly or not at all, or by unauthorised personnel, use of other than genuine KAVAN Europe s.r.o. accessories, modifications or repairs which were not carried out by KAVAN Europe s.r.o. or an authorised KAVAN Europe s.r.o., accidental or deliberate damage, defects caused by normal wear and tear, operation outside the Specification, or in conjunction with equipment made by other manufacturers.
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Please be sure to read the appropriate information sheets in the product documentation!
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