KAVAN ESCs - Instruction manual

Introduction

Programmable electronic speed controllers for brushless motors.

Congratulations on your purchase of a KAVAN Line electronic speed controller for brushless motors. The state–of–the–art KAVAN Line covers almost the entire range of electric powered planes flown by a Sunday flyer. All the ESCs can be quickly programmed using your transmitter and even easier with the optional KAVAN Card.

Programmable functions

Programmable Brake Setting (use the brake on for folding props applications only).
Programmable Battery Type (LiPo or NiCd/NiMH).
Programmable Low Voltage Cut–Off Type (power reduction or immediate shut down).
Programmable Low Voltage Cut–Off Setting.
Programmable Soft Acceleration Start Ups (for gearbox and helicopter applications).
Programmable Timing Settings (to enhance ESC efficiency and smoothness).

Specification


	BEC Type	Current (Cont./Burst)	Input Voltage (No. of cells)	Weight	BEC (Voltage/Current)	Dimensions
KAVAN R–6B	*BEC	6/8 A	2S LiPo	5.5 g	5 V/0.8 A	32×12×4.5 mm
KAVAN R–12B	*BEC	12/15 A	2–3S LiPo	9 g	5 V/1 A	38×18×6 mm
KAVAN R–15B	*BEC	15/20 A	2–3S LiPo	16.5 g	5 V/2 A	48×22.5×6 mm
KAVAN R–20B	*BEC	20/25 A	2–3S LiPo	19 g	5 V/2 A	42×25×8 mm
KAVAN R–30B	*BEC	30/40 A	2–3S LiPo	37 g	5 V/2 A	68×25×8 mm
KAVAN R–40B	*BEC	40/55 A	2–3S LiPo	39 g	5 V/3 A	68×25×8 mm
KAVAN R–40SB	**SBEC	40/55 A	2–4S LiPo	43 g	5 V/3 A	65×25×12 mm
KAVAN R–50SB	**SBEC	50/65 A	2–4S LiPo	41 g	5 V/7 A	65×29×10 mm
KAVAN R–60SB	**SBEC	60/80 A	3–6S LiPo	63 g	5 V/7 A	77×35×14 mm
KAVAN R–80SB	**SBEC	80/100 A	3–6S LiPo	82 g	5 V/7 A	86×38×12 mm

*) BEC – linear BEC

**) SBEC – powerfull switching BEC

Connecting the KAVAN ESC

The speed controller can be connected to the motor by soldering directly or with high quality connectors. Always use new connectors, which should be soldered carefully to the cables and insulated with heat shrink tube. Use only high quality connectors to connect the ESC to the flight pack as well – 2 mm gold plated connectors (Pelikan Daniel #7939 or #7940) for currents up to 20A; 3.5 mm (#7941), 4 mm (#7946) gold plated connectors or DEAN–T (#7949) for currents up to 60A and 6 mm (#7945) for currents up to 80A. The maximum length of the battery pack wires should be within 15 cm (6 inches).

Plug the UNI servo connector cable of the ESC to your receiver throttle output. The ESCs featuring BEC or SBEC voltage stabilizer will feed your receiver and servos from the flight battery pack.

KAVAN ESC Wiring Diagram

Please bear in mind improper polarity or short circuit will damage the ESC therefore it is your responsibility to double check all plugs for proper polarity, and proper connection BEFORE connecting the battery pack for the first time.

Powering up for the first time & the automatic throttle calibration

The KAVAN ESC features Automatic Throttle Calibration to ensure the smoothest throttle response and resolution throughout the entire throttle range of your transmitter. This step has to be performed just once to allow the ESC to "learn and memorize" the throttle output signal of your transmitter. It only needs to be repeated if you changed your transmitter.

Switch on the transmitter, move throttle stick to the top position.
Connect battery pack to the ESC, and wait for about 2 seconds.
The "Beep–Beep–" tone should be emitted, means the top point of throttle range has been confirmed.
Move throttle stick to the bottom position, several "beep–" tones should be emitted to present the amount of battery cells.
A long "Beep–" tone should be emitted, means the lowest point of throttle range has been correctly confirmed.

The throttle has been calibrated now and your ESC is ready for operation.

Normal ESC start-up procedure

Move throttle stick to bottom position and then switch on transmitter.
Connect battery pack to ESC, special tone like "123" means power supply is OK.
Several "beep–" tones should be emitted to present the amount of lithium battery cells.
When self–test is finished, a long "beep–" tone should be emitted.
Slowly move the throttle stick up, the prop should start to rotate clockwise (looking from the cockpit of the plane). If it spins in the opposite direction, pull the throttle stick back, disconnect the flight battery and swap any two of the three cables between the motor and the ESC. The re–check again.

Protection function

Start up failure protection: If the motor fails to start within 2 seconds of throttle application, the ESC will cut–off the output power. In this case, the throttle stick MUST be moved to the bottom again to restart the motor. (Such a situation happens in the following cases: The connection between ESC and motor is not reliable, the propeller or the motor is blocked, the gearbox is damaged, etc.).
Over–heat protection: When the temperature of the ESC is over about 110 Celsius degrees, the ESC will reduce the output power.
Throttle signal loss protection: The ESC will reduce the output power if throttle signal is lost for 1 second, further loss for 2 seconds will cause the output to be cut–off completely.

Programmable functions of the KAVAN ESC

Brake: ON/OFF
ON – Sets the propeller to the brake position when the throttle stick is at the minimum position (recommended for folding props).
OFF – Sets the propeller to freewheel when the throttle stick is at the minimum position.
Battery type: LiPo or NiCd/NiMh
Low voltage cut–off type: Reduce power/hard cut–off
Reduce power – ESC reduces motor power when the preset Low voltage protection threshold value is reached.
Hard cut–off – ESC instantly cuts motor power off when the preset Low voltage protection threshold value is reached.
Low voltage protection threshold: Low/Medium/High
For Li–xx packs – the battery cell number is calculated automatically. Low/Middle/High cut–off voltage for each cell is: 2.85 V/3.15 V/3.3 V. For example: For a 3S LiPo, when "Middle" cut–off threshold is set, the cut–off voltage will be: 3.15 * 3 = 9.45 V.
For Ni–xx packs – Low/Medium/High cut–off voltages are 0 %/50 %/65 % of the start–up voltage (i.e. the initial voltage of battery pack), and 0 % means the Low voltage cut–off function is disabled. For example: For a 6–cells NiMH battery, fully charged voltage is 1.44 * 6 = 8.64 V, when "Middle" cut–off threshold is set, the cut–off voltage will be: 8.64 * 50 % = 4.32 V.
Soft acceleration start–up: Normal/Soft/Very soft
Normal mode is suitable for fixed–wing aircraft. Soft or Very soft modes are suitable for helicopters. The initial acceleration of the Soft and Very soft modes are slower, it takes 1.5 second for Soft start–up or 3 seconds for Very soft start–up from initial throttle advance to full throttle. If the throttle is completely closed (throttle stick moved to bottom position) and opened again (throttle stick moved to top position) within 3 seconds after the first start–up, the re–start–up will be temporarily changed to normal mode to get rid of the chance of a crash caused by slow throttle response. This special design is suitable for aerobatic flight when quick throttle response is needed.
Timing set–up: Low/Middle/High
Low (3.75 °) – setting for most 2 pole motors.
Middle (15 °) - setting for motors with 6 or more poles.
High (26.25 °) - setting for motors with 12 or more poles, out runners.
In most cases, middle or low timing works well for all types of motors. However, for high efficiency we recommend the low timing setting for 2 pole motors (generally, in–runners) and middle timing for 6 poles and above (generally all out runners). For higher speed, high timing can be set. Some motors require different timing set–ups therefore we suggest you to follow the manufacturer recommended set–up.

Note: Run your motor on the ground first after making any changes to your motor timing!

Using the KAVAN programming card (optional)

You can also use the optional KAVAN programming card to program your desired function. The use of the KAVAN card is very simple and convenient: the programmable function and their values are to be set with a couple of buttons. Simply set all the functions on the card to the valuess corresponding to the desired values and load the settings to the ESC. Programming your ESC with the KAVAN Card is a breeze!

Troubleshooting


Trouble	Possible reason	Solution
After power on, motor does not work, no sound is emitted.	The connection between battery pack and ESC is not correct.	Check the power connection. Replace the connector.
After power on, motor does not work, such an alert tone is emitted: "beep–beep–, beep–beep–, beep–beep–" (Every "beep–beep–" has a time interval of about 1 second).	Input voltage is abnormal, too high or too low.	Check the voltage of battery pack.
After power on, motor does not work, such an alert tone is emitted: "beep–, beep–, beep–" (Every "beep–" has a time interval of about 2 seconds).	Throttle signal is irregular.	Check the receiver and transmitter. Check the cable of throttle channel.
After power on, motor does not work, such an alert tone is emitted: "beep–, beep–, beep–" (Every "beep–" has a time interval of about 0.25 second).	The throttle stick is not in the bottom (lowest) position.	Move the throttle stick to bottom position.
After power on, motor does not work, a special tone "56712" is emitted after 2 beep tone (beep–beep–).	Direction of the throttle channel is reversed, so the ESC has entered the program mode.	Set the direction of throttle channel correctly.
The motor runs in the opposite direction.	The direction. The connection between ESC and the motor need to be changed.	Swap any two wire connections between ESC and motor.

Safety precautions

Do not install the propeller (fixed wing) or drive pinion (helicopter) on the motor when you test the ESC and motor for the first time to verify the correct settings on your radio. Only install your propeller (plane) or pinion (heli) after you have confirmed that the settings on your radio is correct.
Never use ruptured or punctured battery cells.
Never use battery packs that are known to overheat.
Never short circuit battery or motor terminals.
Always use proper insulation material for cable insulation.
Always use proper cable connectors.
Do not exceed the number of cells or servos specified for the ESC.
Wrong battery polarity will damage the ESC and void the warranty.
Install the ESC in a suitable location with adequate ventilation for cooling. This ESC has a built–in over temperature cutoff protection feature that will immediately cut power to the motor once the ESC temperature exceeds the 230 ° F/ 110 ° C temperature limit.
Use only batteries that are supported by the ESC and ensure the correct polarity before connecting.
Switch your transmitter ON first and ensure the throttle stick is in the minimum position before connecting the battery pack.
Never switch your transmitter OFF while the battery is connected to your ESC.
Only connect your battery pack just before flying and do not leave your battery pack connected after flying.
Handle your model with extreme care once the battery pack is connected and keep away from the propeller at all times. Never stand in–line or directly in front of any rotating parts.
Do not immerse the ESC under water, do not allow it to get wet while powered up.
Always fly at a designated flying site and follow the rules and guidelines set by your modeller’s club.