KAVAN C14 Plus - Instruction manual
Introduction
Congratulations on purchasing the KAVAN C14+ AC/DC balance charger/discharger. This unit is simple to use; however, the proper operation of this charger, as well as the correct usage of your batteries, requires some knowledge on the part of the user. Therefore, it is important to read right through the Operating instructions, Warning and safety notes before you attempt to use your new charger for the first time.
Charger layout
Charger set contents
KAVAN C14+ charger, AC power cable, DC power cable, Charging cable, Instruction manual.
Features
Optimized operating software
The operation of the KAVAN C14+ is controlled by state-of-the-art software providing safe and reliable charging/discharg ing of virtually all common types of model hobby accumulators. Clear and intuitive program menus offer wide possibilities of setting parameters of the charging/discharging process. They also offer advanced functions, like temperature, time or capacity cut-off enhancing the reliability of correct termination of the charging/discharging process.
Battery memory (up to 20 different charge/discharge programs)
Internal lithium battery balancer
Fast and storage mode of lithium batteries
Delta-peak sensitivity for NiMH/NiCd
Cyclic charging/discharging (1 to 5 cyclic process of charge > discharge is operable for NiMH/NiCd batteries).
Adjustable automatic charging current limit (for NiMH/NiCd batteries).
Lithium battery voltage and internal resistance meter
Power supply function
Smart battery charger function
Warning and safety notes
- Do not leave the charger unattended while charging. If any malfunction occurs, TERMINATE THE PROCESS AT ONCE and refer to the operation manual.
- Disconnect the battery if it becomes hot immediately. Allow the battery to cool down before reconnecting.
- Do NOT attempt to charge incompatible types of rechargeable batteries or even dry (alkaline, zinc-carbon) batteries. This charger is designed to only charge and discharge Nickel-Cadmium, Nickel-Metal Hydride, Lithium-Ion, Lithium-Polymer (regular and HV), LiFePO4, and Lead-Acid batteries.
- Never attempt to charge or discharge the following types of batteries.
- A battery pack which consists of different types of cells (including different manufacturers).
- Non-rechargeable batteries (Explosion hazard).
- Batteries that require a different charge technique from NiCd, NiMH, LiPo, LiHV or Pb.
- A faulty or damaged battery.
- A battery fitted with an integral charge circuit or a protection circuit.
- Batteries installed in a device or which are electrically linked to other components.
- Batteries that are not expressly stated by the manufacturer to be suitable for the currents the charger delivers during the charge process.
- Keep the charger well away from dust, damp, rain, heat, direct sunshine and vibration. Never drop it.
- Do not allow foreign objects into the charger.
- The allowable AC input voltage is 100-240 V/50-60 Hz or 11-18 V DC voltage. DO NOT try to feed the charger simultaneously using the AC and DC input.
- This charger and the battery should be put on a firm level, heat-resistant, non-flammable and nonconductive surface. Never place them on a car seat, carpet or similar.
- Keep all the inflammable volatile materials away from operating area.
- Do not cover the air intake holes on the charger, as this could cause the charger to overheat.
- Make sure you know the specifications of the battery to be charged or discharged to ensure it meets the requirements of this charger. If the program is set up incorrectly, the battery and charger may be damaged. It can cause fire or explosion due to overcharging.
- Do not attempt to charge batteries at excessive fast charge currents. Check with your battery manufacturer for the maximum charge rate applicable to your battery.
- Do not use automotive type battery chargers to power the charger.
- Do not disassemble the charger.
- This appliance is not intended for use by young children or uninformed persons unless they were adequately supervised by a responsible adult person to ensure that they can use the appliance safely.
Please bear in mind the following points before commencing charging:
- Did you select the appropriate program suitable for the type of battery you are charging?
- Did you set up adequate current for charging or discharging?
- Have you checked the battery voltage?
- Have you checked that all connections are firm and secure? Make sure there are no intermittent contacts at any point in the circuit.
Charge/discharge - recommended parameters
LiPo, LiHV and Li-ion batteries
LiPo, LiHV and Li-ion batteries should be charged at 1C - unless the manufacturer recommended a different value – always follow closely the instructions of the battery manufacturer.
Li-Fe batteries
Genuine A123Systems LiFePO4 nanophosphate batteries may be safely charged at 1-5C levels. Please follow the values recommended by the particular manufacturer with Life batteries of other brands.
Lithium battery long time storage
If your lithium battery is not supposed to be used for more than a month, you should use the Storage program to charge or discharge it to a safe part-charge state best suited for the long time storage.
Battery max. temperature limit
We recommend to set the cut-off temperature to 35–40°C for the LiPo and Li-ion batteries; 40–45°C for the Li-Fe cells.
NiCd and NiMH batteries
Low internal resistance power NiCd batteries of the sub-C size (e.g. Panasonic N-1700SCR, generally all 1:10 RC car NiCd packs) can be charged at 1-2C rate (i.e. 1.7 to 3.4 A for 1700 mAh pack). The rest of NiCd and NiMH batteries should not be charged at a rate higher than 1C.
Delta-peak sensitivity
It determines the sensitivity of the delta-peak cut-off circuitry; adjustable within the range 5-20 mV/cell. The lower value, the higher sensitivity. The sensible value is 8-15 mV/cell for most of NiCd batteries and 4-10 mV/cell for most of NiMH batteries.
Discharge - the end point voltage
NiCd batteries: 0.8-1.0 V/cell, NiMH: 1.0 V/cell.
Battery max. temperature limit
We recommend setting the cut-off temperature to 40-45°C for the NiCd and NiMH batteries.
Lead batteries
Charge and discharge
We recommend charging the sealed lead-acid batteries at 0,1C rate; discharge max. 1C. C14+ end voltage is 2.45 V/cell. Note: 1C rate means such a current that would theoretically charge a battery of a certain nominal capacity in 1 hour. Example: It is 2 A (or 2000 mA) for 2 000 mAh battery.
Battery standard parameters
| LiPo | Lilon | LiFe | LiHV | NiCd | NiMH | Pb | |
| Nominal voltage | 3.7 V/cell | 3.6 V/cell | 3.3 V/cell | 3.7 V/cell | 1.2 V/cell | 1.2 V/cell | 2.0 V/cell |
| Max. charge voltage | 4.2 V/cell | 4.1 V/cell | 3.6 V/cell | 4.35 V/cell | 1.5 V/cell | 1.5 V/cell | Type specific* |
| Storage voltage | 3.8 V/cell | 3.7 V/cell | 3.3 V/cell | 3.85 V/ cell | Fully discharged | Fully charged | Fully charged |
| Min. discharge voltage | 3.0 V/cell | 3.0 V/cell | 2.8 V/cell | 3.1 V/ cell | 0.8 V/cell | 1.0 V/cell | 1.8 V/cell |
| Max. charge current | ≤1C or more** | ≤1C | ≤4–5C (A123) | ≤1C | 1–2C | 1–2C | ≤0.4C |
*) Sealed (gas tight) gel PB batteries up to 2.27-2.30 V/cell. Classic lead-acid („car battery“) and valve-regulated lead-acid batteries up to 2.46 V/cell.
**) Some LiPo batteries may be charged at 5C or even higher rate – always follow the battery manufacturer’s recommendation.
Operating the charger
Here is the detailed procedure to make the charger work. All the screens and operations will take LiPo BALANCE CHARGE program for example.
1. Connection
Connecting to a power source
AC: Please connect your KAVAN C14+ to the AC mains socket using the supplied AC power cable.
DC: Please connect your KAVAN C14+ to a 12 V car battery using the supplied DC power cable.
Connecting the battery
Balance ports (Lithium batteries only)
The balance cable attached to the battery must be connected to the charger with the black wire aligned with the negative marking. Take care to maintain correct polarity! If your pack features a different system of balance connectors (other than JST-XH) connect it via a corresponding balance adapter available separately. This diagram shows the correct way to connect your battery to the charger while charging in the balance charge program mode.
2. Getting started
2.1 Programming buttons
BATT. TYPE / STOP button: Used to stop the progress or go back to the main menu and navigation within it.
DEC button: Used to go through the menus and decrease the parameter value.
INC button: Used to go through the menus and increase the parameter value.
ENTER / START button: Used to trigger the charging process, enter parameter field or store parameter on screen. When you intend to alter a parameter value in the program, press the START/ENTER button to make it blink then change the value by pressing DEC and/or INC button. The value will be stored by re-pressing the START/ENTER button. If there is another parameter that can be altered in the same screen, when you confirm the first parameter value, the next parameter value will start to blink which means it is ready to be set.
When you intend to start the progress, press and hold the START/ENTER button for 2 seconds. When you are willing to stop the progress or go back to previous step/screen, press the BATT. TYPE/STOP button once.
When you power on the charger, it will enter the program you were using last prior shutting the charger off.
You can change the mode (balance mode, normal charge mode, fast charge mode, store mode or discharge mode), enter the desired charging/discharging mode, set the referred parameter and start the progress then.
Locate the flowchart showing the entire programming menu (see page 19). It is highly recommended to have it handy while learning how to operate this charger.
Once powered on the initial screen (KAVAN C14+ KAVAN Europe) is displayed; the chyrge enters the main menu then (PROGRAM SELECT). Here you can scroll through the lithium, NiCd/NiMH and lead battery charge menus, system settings menu, special functions menu and program memory menu using BATT.TYPE/STOP, DEC or INC buttons.
Lithium battery (LiPo, LiHV, LiFe/LiIo) charge/discharge programs. The battery type is to be selected in the particular function menu.
Nickelmetalhydride and nickelcadmium (NiMH, NiCd) charge/discharge programs. The bat tery type is to be selected in the particular function menu. Lead (Pb) battery charge/discharge programs.
User settings menu for setting of general functions – buzzer, max. output power of the charger, capacity, temperature and time cut-off, charge/discharge terminal voltage, del ta-peak sensitivity etc.
Special programs – Lithium cell voltage and internal resistance meter, power supply mode, Smart battery charge mode.
20 charging/discharging program memory. You can launch the selected program right away or adjust the settings first.
2.3 User program setup (user settings)
The charger will be operated with the default value of the essential user settings when it is powered on for the first time. The screen displays the following information in sequence and the user can change the value of parameters (used for all the charging programs) on each screen. Scroll through the main menu with the BATT. TYPE/STOP button to find the User Setings PROGRAM -> menu and press the START/ENTER button to enter. You can scroll through the system settings menu using INC or DEC buttons. When you are willing to alter the parameter value in the particular function, press START/ENTER to make it blink then change the value with INC or DEC. The value will be stored by pressing START/ENTER once again.
TABULKA - obrázek
3. Programming the charger - manual program setting
3.1 Charging/discharging programs
Scroll through the main menu with the BATT. TYPE/STOP or DEC button to find the PROGRAM SELECT menu for the battery type you want to charge and press the START/ENTER button to enter. You can scroll through the battery menu using INC or DEC buttons. Please, note, you have to choose the desired type of the batteries in the menu first. You can set the charge/ discharge terminal voltages in the User Settings menu (User Settings/Termination Voltage Control). Depending on the particular battery type, the operation programs are different for different batteries.
| Batt. type | Program | Description |
| LiPoLilonLiFeLiHV | Balance CHG | This mode is for balancing the voltage of lithium battery cells while charging. Requires balance cable connected. |
| Charge | This charging mode is for charging lithium batteries in the normal mode. | |
| Fast charge | The process time will be reduced making the constant voltage phase shorter - the process is being terminated one the charging current decreases under 1/5 of the preset charging current (it is 1/10 for the other charging modes). | |
| Storage | This program is for charging or discharging lithium batteries which will not be used for long time to “storage” voltage. Requires balance cable connected. | |
| Discharge | This mode is for discharging LiPo/LiFe/LiIon/LiHV battery. | |
| NiMHNiCd | Charge | The charger will charge NiMH and NiCd batteries using the charge current set by the user. |
| Discharge | This mode is for discharging NiMH/NiCd batteries. | |
| Cycle | 1 to 5 cyclic and continuous process of charge>discharge or discharge>charge is operable for battery refreshing and balancing to stimulate the performance of your battery. | |
| Pb | Charge | This mode is for charging Pb batteries. |
| Discharge | This mode is for discharging Pb batteries. |
Program memory selection and setting up the parameters will be shown using the LiPo charge as an example. The charge and discharge programs setting procedure is the same for all the lithium (LiPo, LiIo, LiHV, LiFe) and lead (Pb) batteries (Charge and Discharge only).
Press the BATT. TYPE/STOP button to scroll through the main menu; once you select the LiPo battery type program PRO GRAM SELECT Lithium BATT press the START/ENTER button to enter.
Charging/Discharging mode select
Press INC or DEC to go through all the modes; stop at the LiPo Charge.
Charge parameters setting
Press START/ENTER; the battery type will start blinking. Press INC or DEC to select the desired battery type and press START/ ENTER to confirm your setting (the battery typ applies to all other charging/discharging programs).
The charging current value will start blinking, press INC or DEC to change the value (0.1-6.0 A) and press START/ENTER to confirm your setting.
(Balance CHG: There is “AUTO” displayed instead of the nominal voltage/number of cells value. Once – after connecting the charging and balance cables of your battery – you press the START/ENTER button in order to set the parameters, the nominal voltage/number of cells value detected by the charger appears.)
Press and hold START/ENTER for 2 seconds to start the program.
The charger is detecting the battery cells.
"R" shows the number of cells detected by the charger and „S“ is the number of cells set by you at the previous screen. If both numbers are not identical, press STOP to go back to previous screen to recheck the number of cells of the battery pack before going ahead. If both numbers are identical, press START/ENTER to start charging process.
Charging status monitor
During charge process, real-time status will be displayed on the screen. 1st line – alter nately battery type/number of cells, charging current, battery voltage, 2nd line – charg ing mode (BAL – Balance CHG, CHG – Charge, FAS – Fast Charge, STO – Storage, DSC – Dis charge), elapsed time and charged capacity.
VARIOUS INFORMATION DURING THE PROCESS
Press INC or DEC during charging or discharging process, you can obtain various information on the LCD screen. INC (press ENTER/START to return to the charging status monitor):
The voltage of each cell in the lithium battery pack when the battery is connected with the balance lead.
DEC (returns automaticaly afte 5 seconds):
The Capacity cut-off function is ON; the terminal capacity value.
The Safety timer function is ON; the time limit in minutes.
The Temperature cut off function is ON; the temperature limit in degrees Centigrade.
The external temperature.
DC input voltage of the charger.
The final voltage when the program ends.
Manual program stop
During the charging process, press BATT. TYPE/STOP to stop the charging process.
Program complete
When the charging process finishes, an audible sound will be heard. The battery type and FULL blinks alternately (charging process), resp. END (Discharging process). Press INC to display individual cell voltages.
The NiCd and NiMH battery charge/discharge programs are basically identical. However, the default delta peak sensitivity values are different in order to suit the particular battery type.
3.3.1 Charging NiMH/NiCd batteries
Press the BATT. TYPE/STOP button to scroll through the main menu; once you select the NiMH battery type program PROGRAM SELECT NiMH/NiCd press the START/ENTER button to enter.
Press the INC or DEC buttons to scroll through the NiMH menus; select the NiMH Charge.
Press START/ENTER; the battery type will start blinking. Press INC or DEC to select the desired battery type and press START/ ENTER to confirm your setting (the battery typ applies to all other charging/discharging programs).
The charging current value will start blinking, press INC or DEC to change the value (0.1-6.0 A) and press START/ENTER to confirm your setting.
Press and hold START/ENTER for 2 seconds to start the program.
Real-time status display: 1st line – alternately battery type/number of cells, charge cur rent, battery voltage, 2nd line – charging mode (CHG – Charge, DSC – Discharge, C-D/D-C – Cycle), elapsed time and charged capacity.
3.3.2 Discharging NiMH/NiCd batteries
Press START/ENTER; the battery type will start blinking. Press INC or DEC to select the de sired battery type and press START/ENTER to confirm your setting (the battery typ applies to all other charging/discharging programs).
The discharging current value will start blinking, press INC or DEC to change the value (0.1-2.0 A) and press START/ENTER to confirm your setting. Press the START/ENTER button to set the discharge end voltage/number of cells. You can set the required voltage per cell in the User Settings/Termination Voltage Control menu – here you are chosing just the cell num ber. The recommended end voltage is usually 0.8-1.0 V per cell; it means 4.8-6.0 V for a 6 cell pack. Press the START/ENTER button to confirm setting.
Press and hold START/ENTER for 2 seconds to start the program.
Real-time status display: 1st line – alternately battery type/number of cells, discharge current, battery voltage, 2nd line – charging mode (DSC – Discharge), elapsed time and discharged capacity.
3.3.3 Cycling
This is to set cycling with two options: Charge to Discharge ("CH->D") and Discharge to Charge ("D->C"); the max. number of cycles is 5. You can use this function for balancing, refreshing and break-in (formatting) the battery. To avoid rising temperature there is a brief cool-off period; you can set it in the "Cycle Waste Time" function within the User Settings menu. Set cycling with INC & DEC buttons, and press the ENTER button to confirm setting. Press and hold START/ENTER for 2 seconds to start the program.
To stop the process, press the BATT. TYPE/STOP button once. The audible sound indicates the end of the process.
Real-time status display: 1st line – alternately battery type/number of cells, charge/discharge current, battery voltage, 2nd line – cycle mode, elapsed time and charged/discharged capacity.
At the end of the process, you can see charged or discharged electric capacities of the battery at each cyclic process. By pressing the DEC button, the screen shows the result of each cycle in order.
4. Programming the charger - program memory load
Ther charger automatically stores 20 last used programs (numbered 01...20, the last used program is labeled “LS” instead of a number). The stored programs could be loaded in the “PROGRAM SELECT/Load Memory“ menu anytime.
Scroll through the main menu with the BATT. TYPE/STOP button to find the PROGRAM SELECT/ Load Memory menu and press the START/ENTER button to enter.
Select the desired program memory using INC&DEC buttons. You can adjust the parameters (if necessary); once you are sat isfied press and hold the START/ENTER button for 2 seconds to launch the program.
5. Special programs
Scroll through the main menu with the BATT. TYPE/STOP button to find the PROGRAM SE LECT/Extra Function menu and press the START/ENTER button to enter. Select the desired special function using INC&DEC buttons.
5.1 Lithium battery voltage tester (Meter Lixx battery status)
Scroll using INC&DEC buttons to find the lithium battery voltage tester “1 >Meter Lixx Battery Status“ menu. Press the START/ENTER button and select the lithium battery type (LiPo, LiHV, LiIo, LiFe).
Connect the battery you want to test (both charging and balance cables); press and hold the START/ENTER button for 2 seconds to start the test.
Press INC&DEC buttons to view the two screens: individual cell voltage and the other one displaying the battery type/ number of cells, the total pack voltage and capacity percentage.
Press the BATTERY/STOP button to end the test.
5.2 Lithium battery internal resistance meter (Meter Lixx battery IR)
Scroll using INC&DEC buttons to find the lithium battery voltage tester "2 > Meter Lixx Battery IR" menu.
Connect the battery you want to test (both charging and balance cables); press and hold the START/ENTER button for 2 seconds to start the test.
After a moment the display will show the internal resistance of the individual cells (in miliohms).
Press the BATTERY/STOP button to end the test.
5.3 Lithium battery balancer (balancer lithium battery)
Scroll using INC&DEC buttons to find the lithium battery voltage tester "3 > Balancer Lithium Battery" menu. Press the START/ENTER button and select the lithium battery type (LiPo, LiHV, LiIo, LiFe).
Connect the battery you want to balance (both charging and balance cables); press and hold the START/ENTER button for 2 seconds to start the balancing.
Press INC&DEC buttons to view the two screens: individual cell voltage and the other one displaying the battery type/ number of cells and the total pack voltage. Once the balancing has been accomplished the “Balance End” notice is blinking on the display.
Press the BATTERY/STOP button to end the test.
5.4 Power supply mode (digital power)
Scroll using INC&DEC buttons to find the power supply mode "4 > Digital Power" menu.
Press the START/ENTER button; set the output voltage limit (5.0–27.0 V) and the output current (0.1–6.0 A).
Connect the load (appliance max. 80 W input power) to the output (+)/(-) sockets of the charger; press and hold the START/ ENTER button for 2 seconds to start the power supply.
The screen displays: the power supply mode (PWR), current and output voltage, time and the output power (max. 80 W).
Press the BATTERY/STOP button to end the power supply mode.
5.5 Smart battery charge
Smart batteries are lithium battery packs featuring internal protection electronic circuits. The Smart Battery Charge mode allows setting of the charging time, charging current and max. battery voltage. Follow the instruction manual of your Smart battery when setting the charging parameters please.
Smart battery when setting the charging parameters please.
Scroll using INC&DEC buttons to find the Smart battery charging "5 > Smart Battery Charge" menu.
Press the START/ENTER button; set the desired charging time (1–240 min), the charging current (0.1–6.0 A) and the max. battery voltage (5.0–27.0 V).
Press and hold the START/ENTER button for 2 seconds to start the charging.
The screen displays: the charging current and battery voltage, charging time and the output power (max. 80 W).
Press the BATTERY/STOP button to end the Smart battery charging.
6. Warning and error messages
In case of an error the screen will display the cause of error and emit an audible sound.
DC input voltage of the charger is higher than 18 V. Check the input voltage.
DC input voltage of the charger is lower than the value set in the User Settings/Low Input VOLT menu. Check the input voltage.
The charged battery was connected with incorrect polarity.
The charging cables and/or internal wiring/connections of the battery are broken.
The voltage of the battery pack is higher than the charging terminal voltage.Check the battery and the charging terminal voltage in the User Settings/Terminal Voltage Control menu please. The voltage of the battery pack is lower than the discharging terminal voltage. Check the bat tery and the discharging terminal voltage in the User Settings/Terminal Voltage Control menu. The voltage of the battery does not corespond to the set number of cells. Check the number of cells please.
The voltage of a cell in the battery pack is higher than the charging terminal voltage; check the voltage of each cell and the charging terminal voltage setting please.
The voltage of a cell in the battery pack is lower than the discharging terminal voltage; check the voltage of each cell and the discharging terminal voltage setting please.
The battery has been charged already; no need to charge again.
The battery temperature (mesured by an optional temperature sensor) is higher than the tem perature limit set in the User Settings/Ext-TEMP Cut-off menu.
The capacity is higher than the capacity limit set in the User Settings/Capacity Cut-off menu.
The charging time has exceeded the time limit set in the User Settings/Safety Timer menu.
Specification
| AC input voltage | 100–240 V/50–60 Hz |
| DC input voltage | 11–18 V |
| Battery types/cells | 1–6 cell LiPo/LiIon/LiFe, LiHV |
| 1–15 cell NiCd/NiMH | |
| 6–20 V Pb (charging: terminal voltage 2.45 V/cell) | |
| Charge method | Delta-peak detection for NiCd/NiMH |
| CC/CV (constant current/constant voltage) for LiPo, LiIon, LiFe, LiHV, Pb | |
| Charge current | 0.1–6.0 A |
| Charge wattage | Max. 80 W |
| Discharge current | 0.1–2.0 A |
| Discharge wattage | Max. 10 W |
| Delta-peak sensitivity (NiCd/NiMH) | 4–20 mV/cell |
| Balance current | 400 mA/cell |
| Dimensions | 137×144×40 mm |
| Weight | 493 g |
Program flow chart
obrázek
Charge/discharge limit
Since the amount of heat the charger is able to dissipate is limited by the natural laws, the max. charge and discharge rates are automatically limited by the charger. Depending on the battery voltage (and the temperature of the charger as well as the ambient temperature), the charge/discharge current is being limited automatically so the output power of the charger did not exceed 60 W during the charging or 10 W during the discharging.
Max. charge current is: I = P / U = 80 W / battery voltage (V), if the battery voltage is 11.1 V it will be I = 80 / 11.1 = 7.2 A.
Max. discharge current is: I = P / U = 10 W / battery voltage (V), if the battery voltage is 10 V it will be I = 10 / 10 = 1.0 A.
Recycling and waste disposal note (European Union)
Electrical equipment marked with the crossed-out waste bin symbol must not be discarded in the domestic waste; it should be disposed of via the appropriate specialised disposal system. In the countries of the EU (European Union), electrical devices must not be discarded via the normal domestic waste system (WEEE - Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, Directive 2012/19/EU). You can take your unwanted equipment to your nearest public collection point or recycling centre, where it will be disposed of in the proper manner at no charge to you. By disposing of your old equipment in a responsible manner, you make an important contribution to the safeguarding of the environment.
EU declaration of conformity (European Union)
Hereby, KAVAN Europe s.r.o. declares that the KAVAN C14 Plus is in compliance with the essential requirements as laid down in the EU directive(s) concerning electromagnetic compatibility. The full text of the EU Declaration of Conformity is available at www.kavanrc.com/doc.
Guarantee
The KAVAN Europe s.r.o. products are covered by a guarantee that fulfils the currently valid legal requirements in your country. If you wish to make a claim under guarantee, please contact the retailer from whom you first purchased the equipment. The guarantee does not cover faults which were caused in the following ways: crashes, improper use, incorrect connection, reversed polarity, maintenance work carried out late, incorrectly or not at all, or by unauthorised personnel, use of anything other than genuine KAVAN Europe s.r.o. accessories, modifications or repairs which were not carried out by KAVAN Europe s.r.o. or an authorised KAVAN Europe s.r.o., accidental or deliberate damage, defects caused by normal wear and tear, operation outside the Specification, or in conjunction with equipment made by other manufacturers. Please be sure to read the appropriate information sheets in the product documentation.